In the field of road freight transport, it is essential to know the different types of trucks and the regulations that govern their circulation in Spain and Europe. Below is a detailed description of the main types of trucks and the applicable regulations:
Rigid Truck
A rigid truck is one in which the driver's cabin and the cargo box form a single, indivisible structure. Due to their more compact dimensions, they are often used for urban or short-distance transport. These vehicles are ideal for distributing goods in areas with more restricted access.
Trailer (Articulated Truck)
The semi-trailer, or articulated truck, consists of a tractor unit and a semi-trailer coupled by a fifth wheel. This configuration allows for greater load capacity and maneuverability. According to European regulations, the maximum permitted length for these vehicles is 16,5 meters and the maximum authorized mass (MAM) is 40 tons.
Mega Trailer
The mega trailer is an evolution of the traditional trailer, designed to maximise load capacity. It can reach up to 25,25 metres in length and a GVM of 60 tonnes. In Spain, the circulation of these vehicles is regulated by Order PRE/2788/2015, which allows their use under certain conditions and on specific roads, mainly motorways and dual carriageways.
Duo Trailer
The duo trailer is a Euro-modular set consisting of a tractor unit and two semi-trailers connected by a dolly, a mobile coupling platform that allows the trailers to be safely connected. This vehicle can reach up to 32 metres in length and transport up to 70 tonnes of goods. The Directorate General of Traffic (DGT) has authorised its circulation through instruction MOV 2023/28, always with prior authorisation and on authorised roads.
Summary of truck types and their characteristics
| Specification | Maximum length | MMA (tonnes) | Key features | Applicable regulations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rigid Truck | 12,00 meters | 32 tonnes | Unique cab and box structure. Ideal for urban transport and restricted access. | General Vehicle Regulations (RD 2822/1998) |
| Trailer | 16,50 meters | 44 tonnes | Composed of a tractor unit and a semi-trailer coupled by a fifth wheel. Allows greater maneuverability and loading. | European Directive 96/53/EC |
| Mega Trailer | 25,25 meters | 60 tonnes | Euro modular vehicle with a higher load capacity. Requires special authorisation to circulate on motorways and dual carriageways. | Order PRE/2788/2015 |
| Duo Trailer | 32,00 meters | 70 tonnes | Consisting of two semi-trailers connected by a dolly, it requires prior authorization and can only circulate on specific roads. | MOV Instruction 2023/28 |
Spanish and European regulations
Spanish and European regulations establish the maximum dimensions and masses permitted for freight transport vehicles. According to Directive 96/53/EC, vehicles must not exceed 18,75 metres in length and 40 tonnes GVM. However, exceptions have been implemented for Euro-modular sets, such as mega trailers and duo trailers, under specific regulations that allow greater dimensions and capacities, provided that certain requirements are met and the corresponding authorisations are obtained.
It is essential that transport companies and drivers are informed about the characteristics and regulations of each type of truck to ensure safe and legal operation.
Sources used:
- Transport Academy: Regulations on mega trucks
- DGT: Official information about the Duo Trailer
- General Vehicle Regulations (RD 2822/1998) – Specific annexes on dimensions and masses.
- European Directive 96/53/EC on maximum dimensions and masses for road transport.
- Additional resources of RACE and publications related to the transport sector.
